idgham letters: insertion, or inserting something into something, and technically it is the mixing of two letters that are identical, close to each other, or homogeneous, which is pronouncing the two letters as one letter like the second with emphasis, which is the joining of a consonant letter with a vowel letter so that they become a letter. One, stressed, the tongue rises one raised when pronouncing them, and it is one of the rulings on the noon sakinah and the tanween.
What is the definition of Idgham?
idgham letters is one of the rules of Tajweed that a Muslim should be careful to apply when reciting the Holy Qur’an. By idgham letters, what is meant is the following: Assimilation in language: inserting one thing into another thing.
idgham letters in terminology: It is the joining of the sukoon letter nūn or tanween with One of the letters of the following: “mim, nun, waw, yā’, ra’, and lam,” which are combined in the word: “يرملون,”.
Such that they become one stressed letter when pronouncing them; If the sakina noun comes and is followed by one of these letters in one or two separate words, or the tanween comes and is followed by one of these letters; Must be assimilated.
Idgham conditions
There are two conditions for idgham letters, the details of which are as follows: A condition specific to the first letter: that the assimilated letter meet the assimilated letter in drawing and writing without any written separator between them, such as: (مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ).
A special condition for the second letter: This letter must not be alone in one word, that is, the presence of more than one letter in a word, such as: (أَلَمْ نَخْلُقْكُمْ)
Reasons for Idgham
The reasons for idgham letters are three:
- Symmetry: the two letters agree in a way out and an adjective, meaning they are one letter repeated, like the ba with the ba in His saying – the Most High -: (اضرب بعصاك).
- Homogeneity: the two letters agree in the way out and differ in qualities, like the tha in the dha in His saying. -The Almighty-: (يلهث ذلك).
- Convergence: the two letters are close together in a way or an attribute, or they are close together in a way or an attribute, such as: (And say, “وَقُل رَّبِّ أَنزِلْنِي.”)
Types of Idgham
idgham letters in the rules of Tajweed is divided into two types: Assimilation of the sukun noon, and there are different types of it, and oral assimilation, and their explanation follows:
1.The assimilation of Noun Sakinah and Tanween
idgham letters is one of the rulings on the letter Nūn Sakinah and Tanween, which means that the letter Nūn Sakinah or Tanween comes together with one of the following letters: “M, Nūn, Wāw, Yā’, Rā’, and Lām,” which are combined in the word: “يرملون,” such that they become one stressed letter when pronouncing them.
That is, if they come. The sakina nūn is followed by one of these letters in one or two separate words, or the tanween is followed by one of these letters. It is necessary to assimilate.
As for the types of idgham letters of the noon saakinah and tanween, it is divided into types according to the presence or absence of the ghunna, and taking into account perfection and imperfection, and these divisions are explained as follows.
2.Assimilation as a ghana
idgham letters is divided into two types based on the presence or absence of ghannah, which are:
- Idgham with ghannah, and ghannah is a light sound coming from the nostrils, and extended by two vowels. And ghannah in assimilation appears when the sukhan nun or tanween meets the letters: yā’, nūn, and mim. The word “waw” is combined in the word “grow,” and its example is: (ومن يعمل ), (ايات مبينات).
- Idgham without ghannah, which is when the two assimilation letters (lam or raa) come after the sukunah nūn or tanween, and are assimilated with them without ghannah, for example: (من لبن).
3.Assimilation as perfection and imperfection
The assimilation in the Noon Sakinah and Tanween is divided into complete and incomplete assimilation. By perfect assimilation, what is meant is that no trace of the Noon Sakinah or Tanween remains when it is assimilated into the letters: (Lam, Ra, Mim, and Nun).
- As for incomplete assimilation; It means that there remains a trace of the noon sakinah or tanween when it is inserted into the letters: (yaa and waw).
- Oral assimilation Oral assimilation is one of the rulings on the static meem, and its letter is only the meem, so if the static meem comes and is followed by a voweled meem; It is combined with it and pronounced with a ghunnah, for example: (لكم ما), and it is also called the small assimilation of the homophones; Because it contains an assimilation and merging of the two identical letters, the meem sakinah and the meem that comes after it.
4.idhgam according to obligation and permissibility
- Obligatory assimilation: It is what must be assimilated for all reciters. It is assimilated in those who are resounding on the condition that the first of the two proverbs is not a madd letter, such as: (اصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا).
As for assimilation in those who are resembling words, it is by assimilation of the consonant lam with the r, for example: (قل رب) ,And the assimilation of the sakina nun or tanween in the lam, the ra, the meem, the waw, and the yā’, and its example: (من لدنه), and the obligatory assimilation in the homophones, and its example: (احطت).
- Permissible assimilation: It is the assimilation in which the readers differed between a dhahar and an assimilation, an assimilation of the dāl then, and examples of it include: (اذ تمشي)
Conclusion
idgham letters is the introduction of a consonant letter with another similar vowel letter, without separating them with a vowel or pause, so that they become closely connected as one letter, such that the tongue rises and falls at once.
idgham letters always occurs in two letters, the first of which is consonant and the second of which is vowel. All letters are assimilated and are assimilated, except for the alif, because it is always silent, so what comes before it cannot be assimilated into it, and it cannot be assimilated because the letter is assimilated into its like, and the alif does not have a vowel like it so that assimilation in it is valid.
