The sakina meem: It is the meem without movement. It comes in nouns, verbs, and letters, and is fixed in the stop, connection, drawing, and pronunciation. Through the following paragraphs we will learn about the most important 3 rules of meem saakin. In addition, we will provide you with examples from the Holy Qur’an.
Definition of the 3 rules of meem saakin
The 3 rules of meem saakin is the meem that is free of movement and its silence is constant in the connection and stop. Whether it occurs in a verb, in a noun, or in a letter, in the middle or extreme, it has 3 rules of meem saakin: ikhfaa, idgham and izhar.
Since the meem is a verbal letter that emerges with the lips closed, all of its rulings are characterized by orality, so we now say: ikhfa shafawi, idgham shafawi, and izhar shafawi (it is called the assimilation of two small proverbs). The provisions of the meem sakinah include three provisions.
Rulings of the meem sakinah
The 3 rules of meem saakin are;
1.Izhar shafawi
means the manifestation of the consonant meem if it is followed by a letter of the alphabet, with the exception of the letters b and meem. It is worth noting several things through which the oral manifestation can be identified in a more precise and clear way, which are as follows:
Naming izhar shafawi:
The reason for calling the oral manifestation by this name is to show the consonant meem if a letter of the alphabet comes after it, except for the letters b and meem. It is called oral in reference to the source of the meem, which is the lips.
The verbal manifestation has been attributed to the exit of the meem, not the exit of the letters that are attached to it. Due to the multiple exits of these letters.
Since some of them originate in the throat, some originate in the tongue, and others originate in the lips, the oral manifestation is attributed to the origin of the meem in order to control and limit it.
Reason for izhar shafawi:
The reason for izhar the silent meem if a letter of the alphabet comes after it, other than the letters b and meem, is due to the spacing between the exit of the meem and the exit of these letters.
Severity of izhar shafawi:
The intensity of oral prosody should be taken into account if the letter waw or faa comes after the silent meem. This is so that the tongue does not hide the meem instead of revealing it.
Due to the homogeneity of the letter “waw” with the letter “meem” and the closeness of the letter “ba” to the letter “meem.” Examples of this include: the word “وهمْ فيها and the word “أنتمْ وآباؤكم,” so the reader is careful to show the letter and not hide it.
How to pronounce izhar shafawi:
It is pronounced by pronouncing the consonant meem if it is followed by a letter of the alphabet other than the letters b and meem, without assimilation or concealment. And it’s the first one among the 3 rules of meem saakin.
2.Idgham shafawi
Idgham shafawi means assimilation of the silent meem with the vowel meem that comes after it. The two meems are completely assimilated so that they become one stressed meem with a ghannah.
As for the sign of oral assimilation and the term for controlling it in the Holy Qur’an, it is stripping the silent meem from the sukun and placing the stress above the second vowel meem. Two things should be noted:
Naming idgham shafawi:
As for calling the idgham shafawi by this name, it is because the consonant meem is assimilated into the vowel meem that follows it, and it is called oral because the exit of the meem is one, which is the lips.
It is also worth noting that this ruling is called by another name, which is the assimilation of the small proverbs. As for the reason for calling it “assimilation.”.
This has been explained, and the reason for calling it “two doubles” is because it is composed of two meems, and “small” because the first meem is static and the second is movable. And it’s the second one among the 3 rules of meem saakin.
3.Ikhfaa shafawi
Ikhfaa shafawi means concealing the silent meem if it comes after the letter b, by abandoning the clenching of the lips and reducing their cleavage when pronouncing the silent meem while the ghunnah remains visible. Examples of this include: (تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ), and it is worth noting two things:
The reason for ikhfa shafawi:
The reason for concealing the silent meem when the letter b comes after it is due to their union and homogeneity in the syllable, except that assimilation and accentuation were heavy, so it was necessary to conceal.
The name of ikhfa shafawi and its forms:
The verbal concealment was given this name because of the concealment of the consonant meem if it comes after the letter b. And it’s the third one among the 3 rules of meem saakin.
Summary
At the end of the text, the 3 rules of meem saakin: it is the letter of the alphabet that is fixed in the construction of the word, and it has no vowel, and it has before letters of the alphabet other than the physical alif (the 3 rules of meem saakin):
- Ikhfaa shafawi: It occurs when the vowel letter b occurs after the consonant meem while the ghunnah remains, such as
(يعتصم بالله، أركسهم بما كسبوا، هم به، جئناهم بكتاب).
- idgham: It is called assimilation of two small proverbs, and it occurs in one letter, which is the vowel meem if it follows the silent meem while the ghunnah remains such as
(لكم مَّا كسبتم، لهم مَّا يشاءون، مِنكُم مَّرِيضاً، شُهَداءَكُم مِّن).
- izhar shafawi: And the rest of the letters of the alphabet have twenty-six letters, such as
(لعلكم تهتدون، أمتا، أملى لهم، لكم تذكرة، لم ينقصوكم، منهم زهرة، جاءكم فاسق).
